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PVOD cases to delineate genetic versus environmental etiologies of this disease. Because the transforming growth factorreceptor family is intimately entwined in the etiologies of various vascular disorders, defining the fundamental molecular defects may aid in our understanding of multiple disease processes and future, targeted therapies.
Rezulin was designed to help insulin either your own or injected ; work better, by drawing the sugar from your blood into the cells to supply energy.
The Centre for Intelligent Machines was formally recognized by McGill University 18 years ago and is therefore subject to university approved regulations and operating procedures. CIM reports annually to the Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and the University Vice-Principal Research ; . Scientific leadership is provided by a Director, a position that is voted upon every three years by an advisory committee as mandated by the University. Internally, formal policies and procedures are followed with respect to recruitment of new members and the review process for existing members. The membership meets regularly at least monthly ; to discuss and sometimes vote on formal matters of collective Director: Manager: Systems Manager: Systems Programmer: Administrator: Faculty Members: importance: membership issues, space allocation, major purchases and Centre grant applications. There is a natural partition between the scientific management of the Centre, represented by the Director and the membership, and the operational side, represented by administrative and technical staff. The technical and administrative personnel comprises four persons, two of whom have technical responsibilities, and two have administrative responsibilities: a manager and an administrative assistant. The ratio of support personnel to scientific user population professors and students ; is thus 1: 30. Vincent Hayward Marlene Gray Jan Binder Daniel Danny ; Chouinard Cynthia Eileen Davidson 19.
Never determined that WarnerLambert had improperly withheld material information or submitted misleading information, plaintiffs alleged that the company "knowingly concealed material facts about the safety and efficacy of Rezulin from the FDA, which would have prevented its approval and or resulted in its earlier removal from the market." These allegations were required by a Michigan statute, Mich. Comp. Laws 600.2946 5 ; a ; , that provided immunity from suit to manufacturers of FDA-approved products, as long as they had not materially defrauded the agency. A multi-district ruling consolidated Rezulin litigation throughout the federal system in the Southern District of New York. WarnerLambert sought judgment on the pleadings a form of judgment before trial ; on grounds that Buckman preempted the fraud on the FDA exception to the Michigan statute's restrictions on lawsuits against regulated entities. The defendant relied upon a directly-onpoint Sixth Circuit case, Garcia v. Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, 385 F.3d 961 6th Cir. 2004 ; , which held that the Michigan statutory exception fell under Buckman. The defendant also relied on a Michigan Supreme Court case, Taylor v. SmithKline Beechman Corp., 658 N.W.2d 127 Mich. 2003 ; , that found the preempted exception was severable from the remainder of the statute, which otherwise conferred general immunity from suit. Plaintiffs conceded that, unless there was a fraud on the FDA exception, WarnerLambert had a complete defense to suit under Michigan law. The district court granted judgment on the pleadings. The Second Circuit, holding that Garcia was wrongly decided, reversed. Desiano v. Warner Lambert & Co. 467 F.3d 85 2d Cir.
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D'Eon, Tara M., Carrie Sharoff, Stuart R. Chipkin, Dan Grow, Brent C. Ruby, and Barry Braun. Regulation of exercise carbohydrate metabolism by estrogen and progesterone in women. J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283: E1046E1055, 2002. First published July 30, 2002; 10.1152 ajpendo.00271.2002.--To assess the roles of endogenous estrogen E2 ; and progesterone P4 ; in regulating exercise carbohydrate use, we used pharmacological suppression and replacement to create three distinct hormonal environments: baseline B ; , with E2 and P4 low; estrogen only E ; , with E2 high and P4 low; and estrogen progesterone E P ; , with E2 and P4 high. Blood glucose uptake Rd ; , total carbohydrate oxidation CHOox ; , and estimated muscle glycogen utilization EMGU ; were assessed during 60 min of submaximal exercise by use of stable isotope dilution and indirect calorimetry in eight eumenorrheic women. Compared with B 1.26 0.04 g min ; and E P 1.27 0.04 g min ; , CHOox was lower with E 1.05 0.02 g min ; . Glucose Rd tended to be lower with E and E P relative to B. EMGU was 25% lower with E than with B or E Plasma free fatty acids FFA ; were inversely related to EMGU r2 0.49 ; . The data suggest that estrogen lowers CHOox by reducing EMGU and glucose Rd. Progesterone increases EMGU but not glucose Rd. The opposing actions of E2 and P4 on EMGU may be mediated by their impact on FFA availability or vice versa. ovarian hormones; menstrual cycle; fat oxidation; stable isotope; glycogen and rhinocort.
Table 1. GI and PBI indexes' values in examined groups Number of examined subjects 37 Standard deviation SD 0.86 0.73 0v1 Standard deviation SD 0.96 0.65.
5-5-97 the ceo of warner-lambert tells investors that rezulin holds the potential to be a billion dollar blockbuster and rhogam.
ABSTRACT Highly potent LH-releasing hormone LHRH ; agonists have been recently introduced in therapy for the treatment of the carcinoma of the prostate, an androgen-dependent pathology. These peptides are believed to act mainly by inhibiting the pituitary-testicular axis and, consequently, by reducing testosterone levels. The recent observation that binding sites for LHRH analogs are present on prostatic tumor tissue suggests that these drugs could also act directly on the tumor. To verify this hypothesis, the effects of two potent LHRH agonists [Zoladex Z ; and Buserelin B ; ] have been studied on the proliferation of the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP lymph node carcinoma of the prostate ; . LNCaP cells were treated for 9 days with different doses of either Z or B concentrations from 10-`2-10-6 M ; . Both analogs significantly inhibited cell proliferation at doses between 1O-9-1O-6 M. The antiproliferative action of the two LHRH agonists was shown to be dose dependent, with ICsO values of 0.82 and 1.79 nM for Z and B, respectively. A similar treatment with B was without any significant effect on the proliferation of a mouse embryo fibroblast cell line Swiss 3T3 ; , which was used as a nontumoral control. The inhibitory action of both LHRH agonists 10-s M ; on LNCaP cell proliferation was completely antagonized by the simultaneous treatment of the cells with a potent LHRH antagonist Nal-ArgLHRH; lo- * M when given alone at the dose selected, the antagonist did not affect cell growth. These results clearly suggest that the antiproliferative effect of LHRH agonists on LNCaP cells may be mediated.
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FAR NORTH.A seismic survey of the eastern Gawler Craton the geological structure which underlies the Far North region has unearthed some surprising results. The survey, completed in July, 2003, was one of the largest of its kind in Australia and already the results are overturning long-standing theories about the geology of the region. The latest findings have scientists reconsidering their theories on how the region formed at a geological level, Geoscience Australia geologist Patrick Lyons told The Monitor this week. "In this part of the world we never see these basement rocks but they're very important because they hold important ore deposits like the one at Olympic Dam, " Mr Lyons said. "We now think we can tell how these basement rocks faulted. It's the faults that are very important in the formation of ore deposits. "Very hot fluids, from deep in the earth - basically water, with metals dissolved in it, including the copper - move through the faults and the shear zones in the crust, then for fluids precipitate their dissolved metals at a site that becomes an ore deposit. "So, in essence, the seismic readings are showing us the plumbing system for the fluids that gave us the ore. There's a lot more work to do but we believe this knowledge will help mining companies better target their exploration sites." Mr Lyons and his fellow geologists have been impressed by the quality and volume of data already gleaned from last year's survey, giving them a whole new view of the region. After months of number-crunching and computer time, the survey has now provided a cross-sectional view of the part of the Gawler Craton underpinning Olympic Dam's own Copper-Gold-Uranium deposit. The aims of the survey - conducted by Geoscience Australia with the cooperation of Primary Industries and Resources South Australia were to better understand the local geology and help in predicting the location of other mineral-rich regions. "Seismic is like an ultrasound of the earth but on a much bigger scale, " Mr Lyons said. "Normally, seismic is used for looking for oil which occurs in sedimentary rocks which are relatively flat-lying. "When you get into very old rocks, which are intensely folded and faulted, it's difficult to get good seismic images, but we're very happy with the results. "We didn't expect that some of the structures would be so big one particular structure looks like it goes right down to the mantle, as much as 40 km deep. "We also found, in the north of Bopeechee, that the sedimentary cover gets over 6km deep there, and we didn't expect that. That kind of structure may have possibilities for other types of ore deposits." The survey encompassed a 200km North-South line including the Stuart Hwy between Roxby Downs and Woomera, and East-West encompassing Olympic Dam and a large section of the mine lease. Representatives from Olympic Dam, Challenger, and Prominent Hill were present at the recent `Gawler Craton: State of Play' conference in Adelaide where initial findings from the hard rock survey were released and rifabutin.
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Trog litazone sold under the name rezulin ; was withdrawn from the market due to an increased incidence of drug-induced hepatitis in patients who were using the drug.
Crash. You try to scream but can't make a sound. I recall walking around the hospital that day, asking anyone who would listen, "What the hell are those people doing?!" I was able to make some sound, though. I proposed that despite the FDA decision our hospital should stop using Rezulin. The Brigham's Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee agreed, and we removed the drug from use at our institution. The FDA medical officer assigned to the Rezulin case, Dr. Robert Misbin, also tried to make a sound. Frustrated at his agency's unwillingness to act decisively, he began a personal crusade unusual for a government worker. He later stated that if he had been aware of the evidence of liver damage already in place when Rezulin was first evaluated by the FDA, he would have been much less willing to see it approved, and would have vehemently resisted accepting its wider use as a first-line therapy for diabetes. Over the coming months, Dr. Misbin vaulted over his bosses' heads and sent anguished letters to congressmen, urging them to act even if the agency would not. In a letter to Representative Henry Waxman, he wrote: I have been frustrated in my efforts to convince [FDA] management that the time has come to remove Rezulin from the market Were this a question of drug approval, FDA would have taken action in six months to meet the user fee goal [of speeding up approvals] mandated by Congress. But since the question is withdrawal of a marketed product, there seems to be no time limit. I enclosing . documentation of Parke-Davis' reluctance to bring to public attention the risk of liver toxicity that they found in their clinical trials. The "user fee goal" refers to a reorientation of the agency that occurred in the 1990s in the wake of the enactment by Congress of the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, known as PDUFA rhymes with "palooka" ; . That law provides for drug companies to pay the agency a fee to have their products evaluated, averaging about a half-million dollars per drug. These funds are then used to pay for the person-time expended by the FDA employees reviewing the evidence. Critics have argued that this can distort the review process, a concern illustrated by the conversation another FDA scientist had with a senior agency official. His concerns about the safety of a particular drug had attracted the ire of its manufacturer. "You need, " his boss told him, "to understand that the pharmaceutical industry is our client." "That's odd, " he responded. "I always thought our clients were the people of the United States." John Ashcroft was still a senator from Missouri as the Rezulin story was unraveling. In writing to him, Dr. Misbin described a letter he received from a St. Louis physician who claimed that Parke-Davis had omitted data about Rezulin-related liver damage from its reports to FDA, and that FDA was ineffective in dealing with the problem. "I believe that [her] complaint about FDA is well founded, " Dr. Misbin wrote. "There is little doubt that patients are still experiencing Rezulin-related liver toxicity because of FDA's inaction. In the absence of a threat of Congressional hearing, I see little hope of turning this around until many more patients have died and rifadin.
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36% 10 28 ; of respondents had input client or patient information onto the FAME system more than ten times. 18% 5 28 ; had input such information between one and two times and the same percentage, 18%, had input information between three and five times. 21% 6 28 ; had never input information. 36% 20 28 ; of respondents had searched for client or patient information on the FAME system more than ten times. 21.5% 6 28 ; had made such a search one or two times and the same percentage had made one between three and five times. 10.5% 3 28 ; had never undertaken such a search. 32% 9 28 ; of respondents had accessed client or patient information on the FAME system more than ten times. 28.5% 8 28 ; had accessed such information three to five times. 18% 5 28 ; had accessed such information once or twice while the same percentage, 18%, had never accessed client or patient information via the system. The PIVOP strand questionnaire sought opinions about improvements in working practices since the introduction of FAME. The fact that the systems were at an early stage of implementation meant that participants had largely been creating service user records, which was substantiated by the responses to the second FAME questionnaire. Accordingly, not all respondents had experienced the benefit of accessing existing assessments which, inevitably, affected the responses to statements about improved working practices. Some of this is reflected in the comments below about barriers to using FAME Barriers to use of FAME The following barriers to FAME use were identified by respondents to the second FAME questionnaire. Lack of access to a computer was the greatest barrier, according to respondents. Since, in many cases, they were sharing PCs with colleagues they were unable to use.
1. Spiegelman BM 1998 PPAR- : adipogenic regulator and thiazolidinedione receptor. Diabetes 47: 507514 2. Dubois M, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J, Gmyr V, Vandewalle B, Desreumaux P, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K, Lefebvre J 2000 Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR ; in normal human pancreatic islet cells. Diabetologia 43: 11651169 3. Vidal-Puig A, Jimenez-Linan M, Lowell BB, Hamann A, Hu E, Spiegelman B, Flier JS, Moller DE 1996 Regulation of PPAR gene expression by nutrition and obesity in rodents. J Clin Invest 97: 25532561 4. Vidal-Puig AJ, Considine RV, Jimenez-Linan M, Werman A, Pories WJ, Caro JF, Flier JS 1997 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene expression in human tissues. Effects of obesity, weight loss, and regulation by insulin and glucocorticoids. J Clin Invest 99: 2416 2422 Takamura T, Nohara E, Nagai Y, Kobayashi K 2001 Stage-specific effects of a thiazolidinedione on proliferation, differentiation and PPAR mRNA expression in 3T3L1 adipocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 422: 2329 6. Miyazaki Y, Mahankali A, Matsuda M, Mahankali S, Hardies J, Cusi K, Mandarino LJ, DeFronzo RA 2002 Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 2784 2791 Bajaj M, Suraamornkul S, Piper P, Hardies LJ, Glass L, Cersosimo E, Pratipanawatr T, Miyazaki Y, DeFronzo RA 2004 Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations are closely related to hepatic fat content and hepatic insulin resistance in pioglitazone-treated type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 200 206 Gurnell M, Wentworth JM, Agostini M, Adams M, Collingwood TN, Provenzano C, Browne PO, Rajanayagam O, Burris TP, Schwabe JW, Lazar MA, Chatterjee VK 2000 A dominant-negative peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR ; mutant is a constitutive repressor and inhibits PPAR mediated adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 275: 5754 5759 Miyazaki Y, Mahankali A, Matsuda M, Glass L, Mahankali S, Ferrannini E, Cusi K, Mandarino LJ, DeFronzo RA 2001 Improved glycemic control and enhanced insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone. Diabetes Care 24: 710 719 Miyazaki Y, Glass L, Triplitt C, Matsuda M, Cusi K, Mahankali A, Mahankali S, Mandarino LJ, DeFronzo RA 2001 Effect of rosiglitazone on glucose and non-esterified fatty acid metabolism in type II diabetic patients. Diabetologia 44: 2210 2219 Raman P, Foster SE, Stokes MC, Strenge JK, Judd RL 1998 Effect of troglitazone Rezulin ; on fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate concentration and glucose metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. Life Sci 62: PL89 PL94 12. Raman P, Judd RL 2000 Role of glucose and insulin in thiazolidinedioneinduced alterations in hepatic gluconeogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 409: 19 29 Adams MD, Raman P, Judd RL 1998 Comparative effects of englitazone and glyburide on gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in the isolated perfused rat liver. Biochem Pharmacol 55: 19151920 14. Nishimura Y, Inoue Y, Takeuchi H, Oka Y 1997 Acute effects of pioglitazone on glucose metabolism in perfused rat liver. Acta Diabetol 34: 206 210 Way JM, Harrington WW, Brown KK, Gottschalk WK, Sundseth SS, Mansfield TA, Ramachandran RK, Willson TM, Kliewer SA 2001 Comprehensive messenger ribonucleic acid profiling reveals that peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor activation has coordinate effects on gene expression in multiple insulin-sensitive tissues. Endocrinology 142: 1269 1277 Young PW, Buckle DR, Cantello BC, Chapman H, Clapham JC, Coyle PJ, Haigh D, Hindley RM, Holder JC, Kallender H, Latter AJ, Lawrie KW, Mossakowska D, Murphy GJ, Roxbee Cox L, Smith SA 1998 Identification of high-affinity binding sites for the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone BRL49653 ; in rodent and human adipocytes using a radioiodinated ligand for and rifapentine.
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In june 1999, the company withdrew the indication for rezulin as initial single agent therapy.
Further information on the ministerial forum is available at euro.who.int tuberculosis forum 20060308 1 Review of road safety action programme The European Commission has recently adopted a communication on the mid-term review of the European Road Safety Action Programme. The programme review aims to stimulate more responsible behaviour by road users, make vehicles safer and improve the road infrastructure. The Transport White Paper adopted in 2001 proposed a target of halving the number of road fatalities by 2010 from 50, 000 to 25, 000 ; . Some categories of road users or population groups are particularly at risk: young people between 15 and 24 year of age 10, 000 fatalities year ; , pedestrians 7, 000 fatalities ; , motor-cyclists and moped users 6, 000 fatalities ; , and cyclists 1, 800 fatalities ; . Dangerous behaviour of many road users is the principal cause of avoidable mortality. Excessive speed accounts for 15, 000 deaths per annum and the consumption of alcohol drugs and fatigue a further 10, 000 deaths. The failure to wear seat belts or protective helmets is the reason for a further 7, 000 needless deaths every year. Injury prevention is one of the key health themes of the Austrian presidency and it will host a conference on accidents and injuries in June. Further information at : europa .int comm transport road roadsafety index en Tobacco advertising: EC takes action against two noncompliant EU Member States On 1 February the European Commission sent "reasoned opinions" to Germany and Luxembourg for failing to transpose into national law Directive 2003 33 EC of May 2003 on the advertising and sponsorship of tobacco products. More Eurohealth Vol 12 No 1 and rifaximin.
38. Sweet DH, Miller DS and Pritchard JB. Ventricular choline transport: a role for organic cation transporter 2 expressed in choroid plexus. J Biol Chem 276: 4161141619, 2001. Sweet DH, Miller DS, Pritchard JB, Fujiwara Y, Beier DR and Nigam SK. Impaired organic anion transport in kidney and choroid plexus of organic anion transporter 3 Oat3 Slc22a8 knockout mice. J Biol Chem 277: 26934-26943, 2002. Sweet DH and Pritchard JB. The molecular biology of renal organic anion and organic cation transporters. Cell Biochem Biophys 31: 89-118, 1999. Sweet DH, Wolff NA and Pritchard JB. Expression cloning and characterization of ROAT1. The basolateral organic anion transporter in rat kidney. J Biol Chem 272: 30088-30095, 1997. Tahara H, Shono M, Kusuhara H, Kinoshita H, Fuse E, Takadate A, Otagiri M and Sugiyama Y. Molecular cloning and functional analyses of OAT1 and OT3 from Cynomolgus monkey kidney. Pharm. Res. 22: 647-660, 2005. Villalobos AR, Dunnick CA and Pritchard JB. Mechanism mediating basolateral transport of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rat kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 278: 582-589, 1996. Werner D, Martinez F and Roch-Ramel F. Urate and p-aminohippurate transport in the brush border membrane of the pig kidney. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 252: 792799, 1990 and rezulin.
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Physicians are strongly advised to recommend that all travelers to malaria endemic areas, developing or tropical countries, extreme environments and those travelers with significant underlying medical conditions consult with a certified travel medicine provider or public health international travel clinic well in advance. Malaria recommendations change frequently and unpredictably in response to changing drug resistance patterns and the occurrence of malaria outbreaks in low risk destinations including popular tourist destinations. Review of current travel recommendations is essential.
S104 Jornal de Pediatria - Vol. 82, No.3 Suppl ; , 2006 Studies undertaken with the Oka GSK vaccine have also demonstrated excellent rates of post-vaccination seroconversion 98% some of the children in this study were given the vaccine before reaching 1 year of age, without any increase in incidence or severity of postvaccination adverse events.13-15 The principal factors associated with primary and secondary vaccination failure are listed in Table 3.9-22 and rimantadine.
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