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Negligent act of an official causing an unintended loss of or injury to life, liberty, or property ; . In sum, the record reflects that Plaintiff was repeatedly seen and treated for his various medical conditions during the relevant time period. Clearly, the Defendants were not deliberately.
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Pre-Preliminary Compulsory Moves - Group B - Final Standings 1 Brooke Tiller, Bowling Green SC 2 Emma Huelskamp, Bowling Green SC 3 Marissa DelMatto, Columbus FSC 4 Meagan Rapin, Farmington Hills FSC 5 Jillian Rinke, Onyx SA 6 Skylar Jones, Westland FSC 7 Madison Elkow, SC of Novi 8 Katelyn Hoops, Bowling Green SC Pre-Preliminary Compulsory Moves - Group C - Final Standings 1 Kelsey Helwig, Farmington Hills FSC 2 Kylee Phillips, Bowling Green SC 3 Megan Bauer, Berkley Royal Blades 4 Natalie Burke, Little Traverse FSC 5 Jessica Bertolina, Kalamazoo FSC 6 Shelby Flemming, Little Traverse FSC Pre-Preliminary Jumps - Final Standings 1 Lindsey Haubenstricker, Sk8 Bay FSC 2 Shelby Flemming, Little Traverse FSC 3 Jessica Randolph, Garden City FSC 4 Mackenzie Elkow, SC of Novi 5 Megan Bauer, Berkley Royal Blades 6 Katie Scuereb, SC of Novi 7 Giana Paolucci, SC of Novi 8 Halle Jarvi, Little Traverse FSC 9 Chelsea Walker, SC of Novi Pre-Preliminary Limited Boys Free Skating - Final Standings 1 Timothy Sterbenz, Detroit SC 2 Jeffrey Fishman, SC of Novi 3 Vipul Nayani, Farmington Hills FSC 4 Nicholas Hoe, Detroit SC Pre-Preliminary Limited Free Skating - Group A - Final Standings 1 Heather Heimbach, SC of Novi 2 Giana Paolucci, SC of Novi 3 Megan Bartley, Bowling Green SC 4 Mackenzie Elkow, SC of Novi 5 Laura Perry, Detroit SC 6 Gabrielle Buffa, Fraser FSC 7 Christina Carnes, SC of Novi 8 Madeleine Rutledge, Hiawatha SC Pre-Preliminary Limited Free skating - Group B - Final Standings 1 Kelsey Walton, Detroit SC 2 Miranda Micallef, Garden City FSC 3 Sara Roy, SA of Plymouth 4 Rachael Henninger, Port Huron FSC 5 Jillian Kastely, SC of Novi 6 Vera Barnwell, North Suburban FSC 7 Halle Jarvi, Little Traverse FSC 8 Bree Rueda, Onyx SA Pre-Preliminary Limited Free Skating - Group C - Final Standings 1 Emma Huelskamp, Bowling Green SC 2 Susana Kyrtsos, SC of Novi 3 Jillian Rinke, Onyx SA 4 Katie Gasparotto, SC of Novi 5 Marissa DelMatto, Columbus FSC 6 Brooke Chamberlain, Sk8 Bay FSC 7 Melissa Scott, Onyx SA 8 Katelyn Hoops, Bowling Green SC Pre-Preliminary Limited Free Skating - Group D - Final Standings 1 Olivia Dorantes, Dearborn FSC 2 Stacey Ladell, Dearborn FSC 3 Natalie Burke, Little Traverse FSC 4 Kelsey Helwig, Farmington Hills FSC 5 Brittany Barclae, SC of Novi 6 Cassaundra Wroten, SC of Novi 7-TIE Lindsey Haubenstricker, Sk8 Bay FSC 7-TIE Rachel Daniel, FSC of Birmingham Pre-Preliminary Limited Free Skating - Group E - Final Standings 1 Shelby Flemming, Little Traverse FSC 2 Jessa Dmytryszyn, S. Metro Shores FSC 3 Shelby Locklear, SA of Plymouth 4 Madison Elkow, SC of Novi 5 Meagan Rapin, Farmington Hills FSC 6 Ehrin Lingeman, Bowling Green SC 7 Ashley Hollenbeck, Garden City FSC 8 Amber Krzyzaniak, Garden City FSC Pre-Preliminary Limited Free Skating - Group F - Final Standings 1 Megan Bauer, Berkley Royal Blades 2 Erica Line, Garden City FSC 3 Kylee Phillips, Bowling Green SC 4 Brianna Bennett, Westland FSC 5 Jessica Bertolina, Kalamazoo FSC 6 Kayla Zenner, Westland FSC 7 Angela Kyrtsos, SC of Novi.
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Rat stromelysin gene promoter by retinoic acid is mediated by an AP1 binding site. EMBO J. 9, 4443 4454 Schroen, D. J., and Brinckerhoff, C. E. 1996 ; Nuclear hormone receptors inhibit matrix metalloproteinase MMP ; gene expression through diverse mechanisms. Gene Exp. 6, 197207 Benbow, U., and Brinckerhoff, C. E. 1997 ; The AP-1 site and MMP gene regulation: what is all the fuss about? Matrix Biol. 15, 519 526 Schoenermark, M. P., Mitchell, T. I., Rutter, J. L., Reczek, P. R., and Brinckerhoff, C. E. 1999 ; Retinoid-mediated suppression of tumor invasion and matrix metalloproteinase synthesis. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 878, 466 486 Lansink, M., Koolwijk, P., van Hinsbergh, V., and Kooistra, T. 1998 ; Effect of steroid hormones and retinoids on the formation of capillary-like tubular structures of human microvascular endothelial cells in fibrin matrices is related to urokinase expression. Blood 92, 927938 Thompson, E. A., Nelles, L., and Collen, D. 1991 ; Effect of retinoic acid on the synthesis of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human endothelial cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 201, 627 632 Gately, S., Twardowski, P., Stack, M. S., Cundiff, D. L., Grella, D., Castellino, F. J., Enghild, J., Kwaan, H. C., Lee, F., Kramer, R. A., Volpert, O., Bouck, N., and Soff, G. A. 1997 ; The mechanism of cancer-mediated conversion of plasminogen to the angiogenesis inhibitor angiostatin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 10868 10872 Braunhut, S. J., and Moses, M. A. 1994 ; Retinoids modulate endothelial cell production of matrix-degrading proteases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TIMP ; . J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1347213479 Mestre, J. R., Subbaramaiah, K., Sacks, P. G., Schantz, S. P., Tanabe, T., Inoue, H., and Dannenberg, A. J. 1997 ; Retinoids suppress epidermal growth factor-induced transcription of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 57, 2890 2895 Kolla, V., Weihua, X., and Kalvakolanu, D. V. 1997 ; Modulation of interferon action by retinoids. Induction of murine STAT1 gene expression by retinoic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 97429748 Bischoff, E. D., Heyman, R. A., and Lamph, W. W. 1999 ; Effect of the retinoid X receptor-selective ligand LGD1069 on mammary carcinoma after tamoxifen failure. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91, 2118 2123 Gottardis, M. M., Bischoff, E. D., Shirley, M. A., Wagoner, M. A., Lamph, W. W., and Heyman, R. A. 1996 ; Chemoprevention of mammary carcinoma by LGD1069 Targretin ; : an RXR-selective ligand. Cancer Res. 56, 5566 5570 Bengtson, E. M., and Rigas, J. R. 1999 ; New oral chemotherapeutic agents for lung cancer. Drugs 58, 57 69 Veronesi, U., De Palo, G., Marubini, E., Costa, A., Formelli, F., Mariani, L., Decensi, A., Camerini, T., Del Turco, M. R., Di Mauro, M. G., Muraca, M. G., Del Vecchio, M., Pinto, C., D'Aiuto, G., Boni, C., Campa, T., Magni, A., Miceli, R., Perloff, M., Malone, W. F., and Sporn, M. B. 1999 ; Randomized trial of fenretinide to prevent second breast malignancy in women with early breast cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 91, 18471856 Torrisi, R., and Decensi, A. 2000 ; Fenretinide and cancer prevention. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 2, 263270 Pienta, K. J., Nguyen, N. M., and Lehr, J. E. 1993 ; Treatment of prostate cancer in the rat with the synthetic retinoid fenretinide. Cancer Res. 53, 224 226 Vaccari, M., Silingardi, P., Argnani, A., Horn, W., Giungi, M., Mascolo, M. G., Grilli, S., and Colacci, A. 2000 ; In vitro effects of fenretinide on cell-matrix interactions. Anticancer Res. 20, 3059 3066 Maurer, B. J., Melton, L., Billups, C., Cabot, M. C., and Reynolds, C. P. 2000 ; Synergistic cytotoxicity in solid tumor cell lines between N- 4-hydroxyphenyl ; retinamide and modulators of ceramide metabolism. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92, 1897 1909 Erdreich-Epstein, A., Shimada, H., Groshen, S., Metelitsa, L. S., Kim, K. S., Stins, M. F., Seeger, R. C., and Durden, D. L. 2000 ; Integrins alpha v ; beta3 and alpha v ; beta5 are expressed by endothelium of high-risk neuroblastoma and their inhibition is associated with increased endogenous ceramide. Cancer Res. 60, 712721.
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Fixed drug eruption got more rare in Italy after the withdrawal from the market of drugs containing feprazone. It is characterized by erythematous or erythematous and bullous Fig. 1289 ; lesions, relapsing always on the same site after every intake of the responsible drug. Characteristically, when the drug is withdrawn, the inflammation regresses leaving purple pigmentary residua on the skin Fig. 1288 ; , nothing on the mucosae and tarka.
LIST OF SMC RECOMMENDATIONS, HTBS COMMENT AND NICE GUIDANCE SINCE SEPTEMBER 2002 SMC RECOMMENDATIONS Anakinra, human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Kineret ; This has not been recommended for use within the NHS in Scotland by the SMC. It was agreed that ADTC would follow the SMC recommendation. Bexarotene capsules Targretin ; This was recommended by the SMC for restricted use within the NHS in Scotland. The ADTC noted this recommendation but agreed that this should not be added to the formulary. Escitalopram Cipralex ; This was not recommended by the SMC for use within the NHS in Scotland. It was agreed that ADTC would follow the SMC recommendation. Fondaparinux Arixtra ; This was recommended by the SMC as appropriate for use within the NHS in Scotland. The ADTC noted this recommendation but agreed that this should not be added to the formulary.
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Mission are conflicting. Although the hypothesis regarding the role of host defenses is highly intriguing, immunogenetic influence has been poorly investigated.All existing studies on associations between HCV and genetic markers have been done in adults and are mainly confined to HLA-class II serological polymorphisms. Study Design: Among 290 parities of HCV-RNA infected women, 21 babies 7% ; resulted infected HCV-RNA steadily positive over 20 months of age ; . All the 21 infected babies, 44 randomly selected uninfected ones steadily negative for HCV-RNA during a follow-up of 2 years ; and their mothers were investigated for HLA-G, -C, -DRB1, -DQA1 and -DQB1 molecular polymorphisms. Several non immunogenetic parameters were also considered and their contribution was weighted by multivariate analysis . Results: Among the different covariates, a hierarchy of susceptibility has been settled using multiple logistic regression analysis: HLA-Cw * 07, G * 010401, -DRB1 * 0701, -DRB1 * 1401, maternal viral genotype 1b, male sex, first birth and breast feeding can be considered as risk factors for HCV vertical transmission.On the contrar y, protection was conferred by the HLADQB1 * 06, -G * 0105N, -Cw * 0602, -DRB1 * 1104, -DRB1 * 1302 alleles and by formula feeding. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the immunogenetic factors related to maternal and neonatal HLA profile may affect HCV vertical transmission and is independent from the other non immunogenetic parameters. The finding of babies genetically able to fight the virus so precociously could be a tangible demonstration of the feasibility of a successful vaccine.
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Steroid, estrogen may be useful in clinical therapy as a vasodilator that restores immediate postocclusion microcirculatory flow. The present histological findings are consistent with numerous studies that demonstrate that brain injury after experimental stroke is sex-specific and linked to reproductive hormone status.1, 2 Female animals with endogenous sex steroids enjoy substantial neuroprotection when confronted with an ischemic episode, and this protection is lost during reproductive senescence.17 Estrogen treatment at physiologically relevant concentrations clearly reduces infarction size after global or focal cerebral ischemia in rodents of both sexes and in reproductively senescent female rats for reviews, see 1, 2 ; . The therapeutic window for the protection of estrogen in irreversible MCA occlusion has recently been shown to be approximately 3 hours in the young adult, ovariectomized and tazorac.
Ethnic Origin: The effect of ethnic origin on bexarotene pharmacokinetics is unknown. Renal Insufficiency: No formal studies have been conducted with Targretin capsules in patients with renal insufficiency. Urinary elimination of bexarotene and its known metabolites is a minor excretory pathway 1% of administered dose ; , but because renal insufficiency can result in significant protein binding changes, pharmacokinetics may be altered in patients with renal insufficiency see PRECAUTIONS: Renal Insufficiency ; . Hepatic Insufficiency: No specific studies have been conducted with Targretin capsules in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Because less than 1% of the dose is excreted in the urine unchanged and there is in vitro evidence of extensive hepatic contribution to bexarotene elimination, hepatic impairment would be expected to lead to greatly decreased clearance see WARNINGS: Hepatic insufficiency ; . Drug-Drug Interactions No specific studies to evaluate drug interactions with bexarotene have been conducted. Bexarotene oxidative metabolites appear to be formed by cytochrome P450 3A4. Because bexarotene is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4, ketoconazole, itraconazole, erythromycin, gemfibrozil, grapefruit juice, and other inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4 would be expected to lead to an increase in plasma bexarotene concentrations. Furthermore, rifampin, phenytoin, phenobarbital and other inducers of cytochrome P450 3A4 may cause a reduction in plasma bexarotene concentrations. Concomitant administration of Targretin capsules and gemfibrozil resulted in substantial increases in plasma concentrations of bexarotene, probably at least partially related to cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by gemfibrozil. Under similar conditions, bexarotene concentrations were not affected by concomitant atorvastatin administration. Concomitant administration of gemfibrozil with Targretin capsules is not recommended see PRECAUTIONS: Drug-Drug Interactions ; . Based on interim data, concomitant administration of Targretin capsules and tamoxifen resulted in approximately a 35% decrease in plasma concentrations of tamoxifen, possibly through an induction of cytochrome P450 3A4. Based on this known interaction, bexarotene may theoretically increase the rate of metabolism and reduce plasma concentrations of other substrates metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4, including oral or other systemic hormonal contraceptives see CONTRAINDICATIONS: Pregnancy: Category X and PRECAUTIONS: DrugDrug Interactions.
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Table 2. Outcome after nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation SCT ; for follicular lymphoma FL ; . Median Acute Chronic No. of Sibling Follow-up II-IV GVHD GVHD Relapse PFSc Patients Regimen Unrelated months ; % ; % ; % ; % ; 47 45a 41b FCR F TBI FM alemtuzumab 45 2 22.
Brief History. F.D. is a 28-year-old man who sustained complete paraplegia below the L-2 spinal level during an automobile accident. Through the course of rehabilitation he was becoming independent in self-care, and he had begun to ambulate in the parallel bars and with crutches while wearing temporary long leg braces. He was highly motivated to continue this progress and was eventually fitted with permanent leg orthoses. During this period, spasticity had increased in his lower extremities to the point where dressing and self-care were often difficult. Also, the ability of the patient to put his leg braces on was often compromised by lower extremity spasticity. The patient was started on oral baclofen Lioresal ; at an initial oral dosage of 15 mg day. The daily dosage of baclofen was gradually increased until he was receiving 60 mg day and temodar.
Four to eight cycles. Adverse effects include fever, chills, myalgia, nausea and vomiting, and a mild increase in transaminase levels. Acute hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 60%, invariably within 24 h and during the initial infusion. A vascular leak syndrome characterized by hypotension, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema was defined retrospectively within the first 14 days of a given dose in 25% of patients. Myelosuppression is rare. Five per cent of adverse effects are severe or life threatening. Grade A level IIii. ; The clinical relevance of antibody responses to denileukin diftitox is unclear. The duration of clinical response has not yet been established and current studies are comparing different doses of denileukin diftitox and are also assessing the use of this therapy in CD25-negative tumours. This therapy is not likely to be appropriate for early-stage disease but may be useful in advanced disease. Patients should be treated with denileukin diftitox in the context of appropriate clinical trials. Novel retinoids Phase II and III studies of a novel synthetic retinoid in CTCL have recently been published.56, 57 Bexarotene Targretin ; is the only retinoid that selectively binds and activates the retinoid X receptor and has recently been approved in Europe for the treatment of advanced stages IIBIVB ; of mycosis fungoides. Bexarotene has been shown to promote apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. It is relatively selective and therefore should have little effect on the retinoid A receptor RAR ; receptor involved in cell differentiation. In phase II and III studies of 152 patients with CTCL, response rates from 20% to 67% have been reported.56, 57 The most effective tolerated oral dose is 300 mg m ; 2 day ; 1 although responses improve with higher doses. Sideeffects are transient and generally mild but most patients require treatment for hyperlipidaemia and central hypothalamic ; hypothyroidism while on therapy. At doses of 300 mg m ; 2 day ; 1 in early stage disease IA IB IIA ; response rates of 54% have been noted56 whereas patients with advanced mycosis fungoides stage IIBIVB ; have shown response rates of 45% with a notable reduction in pruritus in stage III disease.57 Grade A level IIii ; EORTC studies due to start enrolment shortly include a phase III randomized study comparing PUVA alone with combined PUVA and oral bexarotene in stage IB and IIA disease. Future studies should also clarify the role of oral bexarotene in later stages of disease and and targretin.
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Received Jun. 23, 2005; revision accepted Aug. 4, 2005. For correspondence or reprints contact: Guus A.M.S. van Dongen, PhD, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: gams.vandongen vumc.nl and tenex.
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1. Becker MH, Stolley PD, Lasagna L, McEvilla JD, Sloane LM. Differential education concerning therapeutics and resultant physician prescribing patterns. Journal of Medical Education 1972; 47: 11827. Caudill TS, Johnson MS, Rich EC, McKinney WP. Physicians, pharmaceutical sales representatives, and the cost of prescribing. Archives of Family Medicine 1996; 5: 2016. Tomson G, Angunawela I. Patients, doctors and their drugs: a study at four levels of health care in an area of Sri Lanka. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1990; 39: 4637 and teniposide
A. WOMEN: DIFFERENT BUT EQUALLY WORTHY The states manipulation of religious symbols as a means to coopt the Islamic wave, and the polemic of both the religious establishment and the opposition have acted as catalytic forces encouraging much of the inequitable treatment of women. The fact that all debates have been carried within the framework of an Islamic context has been noted, and is reflected in the additional media space that was made available to the official religious establishment and in the infusion of religion over time into the school curricula.169 A discussion of the themes and issues that have been controversial during the past decade, and the position adopted by the state and the Islamists will substantiate our claims concerning the unfulfilled promises to women. This should not be construed to imply that women are totally absolved of the responsibility for this situation.170 Some women activists have also promoted change but in different and conflicting directions. Notable examples are Labibah Ahmed, Zeinab Al-Ghazali, and Kariman Hamzah who, despite their active presence in the public sphere, have carried forth the notion of gender distinctiveness, therefore imparting a message of gender complementarity rather than equality. These women, together with other supporters of the conservative agenda, find it necessary to emphasize the superiority of women as family nurturers. It is important to note that womens support of customs and traditions that often constrain their lives is a phenomenon that occurs in many cultures; it is neither unique to Egypt, nor to Islamic or other developing countries.171 I chose to stay home and raise men like Khalid AlIslamboli.172 This statement is an excerpt of an interview conducted in the 1980s with a veiled woman Mona ; who had given up her university teaching post. Staying home for her was a militant endeavor. Many other women who share this discourse have chosen to work outside their homes, but claim this to be a temporary measure until circumstances allow them to retreat from the public sphere and return to their natural domain in the home. While for many the change in circumstances is tied to their economic situation, for a minority of women such as Mona, the change of circumstances entails much more comprehensive and longterm change. In a study of Zainab Al-Ghazali, Cooke notes that for such women [T]he ideal of womens domesticitythe domain of mens rights over their women-is to be shelved until the Islamic state is restored.173 The contradiction inherent in this argument seems to escape women like Al-Ghazali. The fact that they are fighting their battle outside the private domain is justified on the same grounds that violence is condoned by a faction of ZEINAB AL-GHAZALI and tarka.
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We have examined the production of -lactamases by 11 clinical and nine environmental isolates of Plesiomonas shigelloides from Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic and Cuba. Ten isolates 50% ; expressed detectable amounts of a chromosomally encoded, non-inducible -lactamase, though all isolates showed a broadly similar resistance profile: low-level resistance to ampicillin and higher-level resistance to carbenicillin. All strains were susceptible to cephalosporins and meropenem. Three clinical isolates expressed a -lactamase similar to a class 2c carbenicillinase, with a pI of 5.2 and three expressed an enzyme similar to a class 2d oxacillinase, with a pI of 5.3. The environmental isolates produced a variety of penicillinases, indicating that there is a reservoir of heterogeneous -lactamase genes in this species and tenofovir.
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