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Figure 4.26. Gemcitabine sales per individual dying of lung cancer in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland number of deaths by year 2000 ; . Year 01 Q1 represents the time of introduction and or first sales in each respective country. Source IMS Health, IMS MIDAS Quantum Q4 2004.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma MPM ; , the incidence of which has dramatically doubled since the 70s, is a biologically very aggressive neoplasm with median survival rates of less than 1 year1. No clear consensus exists about an actual chemotherapeutic strategy for MPM. Surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a multimodal therapeutic approach has been used in a number of selected patients with predominantly stage I disease and with an epithelial histotype2. Radiotherapy, which is toxic for the lungs, is essentially analgesic with a limited palliative effect, whereas the role of chemotherapy is controversial, especially in light of the resistance acquired by the neoplastic cells to the chemotherapeutic agents including the platin compounds 3. Compounds with moderate activity in the treatment of MPM include anthracyclines, platin compounds, antifolates including the new chemotherapeutic agents pemetrexed and raltitrexed which is currently under evaluation ; , as are the rampirnases, gemcitabine and vinorelbine4. In particular, in monochemotherapy, high doses of epirubicin 110 mg m2 ; and gemcitabine 1350 mg m2 ; have produced objective responses of 15% and 31%, respectively5, 6. From the aforementioned data, the combination of epirubicin and gemcitabine appeared interesting and when tested in vitro showed efficacy comparable to.
Diminution of the waters, I conceive we must distinguish between the different periods at which the sinking of their level has taken place. Wherever we examine the valleys of rivers, or the basins of lakes, we see the ancient shore at great distances. No doubt seems now to be entertained, that our rivers and lakes have undergone immense diminutions; but many geological facts remind us also, that these great changes in the distribution of the waters have preceded all historical times; and that for many thousand years most lakes have attained a permanent equilibrium between the produce of the water flowing in, and that of evaporation and filtration. Whenever we find this equilibrium broken, it will be well rather to examine whether the rupture be not owing to causes merely local, and of very recent date, than to admit an uninterrupted diminution of the water. This reasoning is conformable to the more circumspect method of modern science. At a time when the physical history of the world, traced by the genius of some eloquent writers, borrowed all its charms from the fictions of imagination, the phenomenon of which we are treating would have
Treatment after the study of Rudd et al., which compared gemcitabine and carboplatin GC ; with the older regimen of MIC.7 GC conferred a median survival of 10 months compared with a median survival of 7.6 months for MIC with one-year survivals of 40% and 30%, respectively. The response rates were similar for the two regimes: 42% for GC and 41% for MIC. GC had fewer side effects and resulted in fewer hospital admissions, and there was a highly significant advantage for most QoL variables studies for the newer regimen.
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The free flow of educational, scientific and cultural materials. 7. In reply to a question from one delegate, the Director of the Department said that the present programme order, listing substantive mass communication projects first and public information second, was purely technical and represented no order of priority. The Soviet Union delegate, returning to the decisions of Montevideo, nevertheless felt that the order of presentation used in the two preceding programme periods should be reintroduced. 8. In repIy to a question put by another delegate, Mr. Gjesdal explained the relations of Unesco with the United Nations and other Specialized Agencies in the field of mass communication. With regard to public information, Unesco benefited from the services available through the Office of Public Information and its network of information centres; activities were co-ordinated through the inter-Secretariat body of the Consultative Committee on Public Information. On the programme side, Unesco had since its inception co-operated with the Secretariat of the Economic and Social Council and the Commission on Human Rights in the field of freedom of information, the United Nations bodies dealing with the legal and political aspects of the question, while Unesco concerned itself with the technical and economic problems. 9. At the end of the discussion, the Working Party took note of the measures taken by the DirectorGeneral to implement resolution 5.51 adopted by the General Conference at its tenth session and, taking into account the explanations provided by the Director of the Department, recommended their acceptance by the Programme Commission.
Eye Care Professionals ECPs ; are now able to prescribe and dispense DEFINITYTM Lenses for their patients with VSP. DEFINITYTM progressive lenses have a patented DUAL ADD tm ; technology that creates a wider and sharper view for presbyopes. ECPs will have a new way to order DEFINITYTM Lenses thanks to an agreement between The Spectacle Lens Group of Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. and Eyefinity, the optical industry internet portal. ECPs clicking on eyefinity will find a co-branded on-line catalog that features DEFINITY Lenses, the new breakthrough progressive lens that offers the exclusive GEMCOATTM Multicoating System. "This agreement with Eyefinity allows us to continue providing eye care professionals with more convenient and more efficient ways to do business, " said John Hogan, President of The Spectacle Lens Group. "We're excited about the opportunity to introduce our products to a new customer base and through Eyefinity's on-line catalog and the numerous promotional opportunities on their web site, we hope to do just that." The catalog will list the availability of DEFINITYTM Lenses and also highlight features and benefits of DEFINITYTM Lenses, including its patented DUAL ADDTM technology that creates a wider and sharper view. The catalog will be housed in Eyefinity's eBuy product purchase area and gemifloxacin.
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Fluorometer Hitachi, Schaumburg, IL ; with an excitation wavelength of 575 nm and an emission wavelength of 555 nm. Salmon testis DNA, dissolved in TE buffer, was used to establish the standard curve. Muc5AC western blot analysis. CF sputum was treated for 20 minutes at 370C with 25 l of H2O alone or H2O containing the Trx reducing DTT system. Samples were separated into gel and liquid fractions with gel fractions further subjected to a 16 hour guanidinium extraction. The supernatant of each sample was then cleared by centrifugation and frozen at 200C overnight. Samples were loaded into an agarose gel, electrophoresed and transferred to PVDF membrane according to the methodology described above. The membranes were blocked for 1 hour in Tris-buffered saline with 0.5% Tween 20 TBST ; containing 5% nonfat dry milk followed by incubation with the primary antibody, mouse anti MUC5AC human mucin [MAB2011 1: 1000 Chemicon, Temecula, CA ; or Ab-1 1: 1000 Labview, Freemont CA ; ] for 20 hours. Non-specific interactions were removed by three 10 minute washes in TBST followed by 1 hour incubation with goat- anti-mouse secondary antibody 1: 5000; Southern Biotechnogy, Birmingham, AL ; . The blots were washed again in TBS-T for 1 hour, and the conjugates were visualized by chemiluminescence Amersham, Arlington Heights ; . Statistics. Data in the figures are presented as mean standard deviations, except figures 4A and 4B which display standard error. A linear mixed-effects modeling approach was used to analyze the effect of treatments on the liquefaction, viscoelasticity, and DNA solubility of sputum samples. Dunnet's correction was applied when comparing several treatments against a single control. All analyses were performed using.
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ATN Router Plan ii ; AMHS Routing Plan iii ; AIDC Routing Plan 4.13 The meeting endorsed the proposal developed by the Task Force. Subsequently, the Tables were incorporated in the ASIA PAC FASID to reflect the details required for the above plans. Review Outcome of ATNP 3 Meeting 4.14 The meeting noted information provided by Australia regarding the outcome of the Third Meeting of the ATN Panel, which was held in Montreal from 7 to 18 February 2000. The main points that were outlined included the provisional acceptance of Edition 3 of DOC 9705 that provides new provisions for ATN Security, Systems Management and Directory Services. Other changes noted were the deletion of the AMHS Pass-Through service and the inclusion of the CIDIN AFTN gateway application. The presentation provided an overview of ATN activities that were happening around the globe and the meeting was advised that every opportunity should be used to invite wider participation in implementation of ATN programs by all interested parties. The meeting was also advised that CPDLC and AMHS were identified as two ATN applications, which would yield significant operational benefits both in air and ground domains, when implemented on a global or at least regional scale. The presentation provided details of the future work program of the ATN Panel including the activities that will be performed by the Working Group of the Whole, 4th meeting, to be held in Berlin from 21 August to 1 September 2000. Problem in Implementation of Low Speed Telegraph Circuits 4.15 It was also noted that some States in the Pacific Islands have been experiencing difficulties in retaining AFTN telegraph circuits as the common carrier agencies no longer provide low speed telegraph circuit. The lowest bandwidth available of the leased channel was 64 kbps. During the discussion on this issue, New Zealand informed that the Christchurch Niue 300 baud AFTN circuit had to be withdrawn and FAX was used to exchange operational messages as there was no other option or alternative communication means available. 4.16 The meeting recognized that as an alternative means SITA service should be utilized as was done for Brisbane Port-Vila circuit. Where SITA ARINC services are not available, dial-up communication means could be considered. 4.17 IATA and SITA agreed to investigate the possibility of supporting the low speed AFTN circuits in the PAC region by SITA, where feasible, and advise the Regional Office prior to the APANPIRG 11 meeting. ATN Seminar 4.18 The meeting recognized the need to generate more awareness of the ATN in the region in order to facilitate early implementation and proposed to conduct ATN Seminar for two days ahead of the third meeting of the Task Force. It was noted that the proposal is in line with Task List No.36 and the key priorities which call for convening of workshops and seminars to keep all States informed on.
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If you fail to elect or waive coverage, you will be automatically defaulted in the CHW 0 Deductible Plan, Employee Only option. If you and your spouse are eligible employees, you may both cover each other and one or both of you may cover your children as dependents. To determine if additional benefits would be awarded to you if you have dual coverage, refer to "Coordination with Other Coverage" on page 30 and gemzar.
| Gemcitabine chemotherapy for pancreatic cancerEvaluation. role of medical intervention 1, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
Hurtt et al, 1988; Hastings, 1990 ; , and ip administration of 3-methylindole Turk et al, 1986, 1987; Peele et al, 1991 ; , all treatment regimens that completely destroy the olfactory epithelium. Functional recovery from methyl bromide- and ZnSO4-induced olfactory deficits has been demonstrated in a time-dependent manner that does not correlate well with the histologic recovery of epithelial tissues Alberts and Galef, 1971; Hurtt et al, 1988 ; . Inhalation exposure to 200 ppm methyl bromide, which caused complete olfactory epithelial destruction, was followed by recovery of olfactory function assessed by a buried food pellet test ; when only a layer of rapidly proliferating basal cells was present throughout the ethmoid turbinate region of the nasal cavity Hurtt et al, 1988 ; . Functional recovery in the rat following ZnSO 4 instillation similarly precedes full histological recovery of the tissue. Olfactory epithelial regeneration was clearly in progress 2 - 4 days following intranasal instillation of 1% ZnSO4 in several species Smith, 1951; Schultz, 1960; Matulionis, 1976 ; . Unfortunately, the aforementioned histopathological studies were not accompanied by functional studies. Alberts and Galef 1971 ; reported the return of olfactory function 5 - 7 days following nasal irrigation with 5% ZnSO 4 ; no olfactory mucosal histopathology was reported for these animals, although the authors reported the absence of histologic damage to the olfactory bulb. In contrast, Harding et al 1978 ; reported that anosmia persisted for up to 4 months following instillation of 0.17 M approximately 2.7% ; ZnSO 4 . Unlike the lesions induced by methyl bromide, 3-methylindole, or ZnSO 4 , the olfactory toxic effects of IDPN and dichlobenil do not involve the olfactory epithelium lining the entire nasal cavity. The pattern of olfactory epithelial degeneration involves the mucosa lining the dorsal medial meatus DMM ; of the nasal cavity Genter et al, 1992; Brandt et al, 1990 ; . More importantly, the extent of olfactory functional deficit associated with destruction of the olfactory mucosa lining the DMM has yet to be determined. On the basis of the histopathologic and morphometric profile of tissue destruction, it seems reasonable to postulate that the loss of only the mucosa lining the DMM might be associated with minimal functional deficit. Qualitatively, the degree of recovery from IDPN-induced olfactory mucosal damage appears to be more complete than that associated with dichlobenil exposure. Extensive fibrosis and respiratory metaplasia in the mucosa of the dorsal medial meatus have been reported 30 days after dichlobenil administration Deamer et al, 1994 ; , while the degree of metaplasia and fibrosis is overall less severe following IDPN treatment Genter et al, 1992 ; . One might postulate, on the basis of this information, that the functional deficits associated with dichlobenil would be greater than those seen following IDPN exposure. In the present studies, olfactory function was assessed in and genotropin.
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Hip No. Property of North Wales LLC, H. T. Stables Allen Jenkins ; , Agent.
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ABSTRACT Context Gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil 5FU ; sensitize tumor cells to radiation. Furthermore, 5-FU enhances the cytotoxic effect of gemcitabine. Objective We report the efficacy and the toxicity of concurrent chemoradiation with gemcitabine and 5-FU in the treatment of patients with locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer. Patients Thirty-two patients 20 men, 12 women; median age 69.9 years ; with histologically proven advanced pancreatic carcinoma were included in the study. Interventions The patients received chemotherapy with gemcitabine 300 mg m2 on days 1, 15, 29 and 5-FU as continuous infusion 350 mg m2 day of radiation while concurrent radiation 45-50 Gy ; was given to the tumor and regional lymph nodes 1.8-2.0 Gy fraction on 5 days week ; . Subsequent to chemoradiotherapy, the treatment was continued with an additional two cycles of gemcitabine 1, 000 mg m2 ; and cisplatin 50 mg m2 ; applied on days 1 and 15 of a fourweek cycle. Main outcome measures Patient survival, time to progression, and toxicity of chemoradiation. Tumor responses complete and gentamicin.
9. Massarelli E, Andre A, Liu JJ, et al: A retrospective analysis of the outcome of patients who have received two prior chemotherapy regimens including platinum and docetaxel for recurrent nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 39: 55-61, 2003 Edelman MJ: Second-line chemotherapy and beyond for non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2: 373-378, 2004 Shepherd FA, Rodrigues Pereira J, Ciuleanu T, et al: Erlotinib in previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 353: 123-132, 2005 Herbst RS, Prager D, Hermann R, et al: TRIBUTE: A phase III trial of erlotinib hydrochloride OSI-774 ; combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 23: 5892-5899, 2005 Kris MG, Natale RB, Herbst RS, et al: Efficacy of gefitinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in symptomatic patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A randomized trial. JAMA 290: 2149-2158, 2003 Giaccone C, Herbst RS, Maegold C, et al: Gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase III trial-INTACT 1. J Clin Oncol 22: 777-784, 2004 Herbst RS, Giaccone C, Schiller JH, et al: Gefitinib in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase III trial-INTACT 2. J Clin Oncol 22: 785-794, 2004 Kliewer SA, Umesono K, Mangelsdorf DJ, et al: Retinoid X receptor interacts with nuclear receptors in retinoic acid, thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 signaling. Nature 355: 446-449, 1992 Zhang XK, Hoffman B, Tran PBV, et al: Retinoid X receptor is an auxiliary protein for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors. Nature 355: 441-446, 1992 Keller H, Dreyer C, Medin J, et al: Fatty acids and retinoids control lipid metabolism through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorretinoid X receptor heterodimers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 2160-2164, 1993 Apfel R, Benbrook D, Lernhardt E, et al: A novel orphan receptor specific for a subset of thyroid hormone-responsive elements and its interaction with the retinoid thyroid hormone receptor subfamily. Mol Cell Biol 14: 7025-7035, 1994.
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15, 38 gemcitabine: gemcitabine gemzar ; in combination with paclitaxel is indicated for first-line treatment of mbc after failure of prior anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy, unless anthracyclines were clinically contraindicated and gentian.
FIG. 1. Treatment schema of full-dose gemcitabine 1000 mg m2 ; and concurrent radiation 36 Gy in 2.4-Gy fractions ; . Gemcitabine was administered on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle before and after a 28-day cycle of gemcitabine on days 1, 8, and 15 and concurrent radiation on days 1 to 19. XRT, radiotherapy and gemcitabine.
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The present study was performed to better understand the anabolic actions of PTH and delineate the specific role of c-fos as a transcriptional mediator of PTH actions in bone. This work stemmed from our previous work where we found that mice with ablation of the c-fos gene did not respond to PTH in an anabolic mode 18 ; . The c-fos mutant mice responded to PTH, but in an antianabolic mode where instead of an increase in bone there was actually a reduction in bone area with PTH treatment. These data suggested that c-fos gene expression was critical for the anabolic actions of PTH and prompted the dissection of the specific cellular targets of PTH that discriminated the anabolic and antianabolic effects. To do this, in vitro approaches and a novel in vivo model were.
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